Page 63 - Safari Serengeti: Tanzania Lodge & Tented Safari

In November 1985, Nyerere retired and was succeeded in the presidency by Ali Hassan Mwinyi.
Nyerere continued as the chairman of the Revolutionary Party of Tanzania until August
1990. Tanzania began moving toward a multiparty system in the early 1990s; in 1992 a new
constitutional rule allowed for the formation of other parties provided they were active in
both Tanganyika (the mainland) and Zanzibar. The ruling was meant to address the growing
NZYNP]Y^ ZQ _SP ELYeTML]T bSZ QPW_ _SL_ `YTʭNL_TZY SLO ]PWPRL_PO _SP T^WLYO _Z ^PNZYO [WLNP
^_L_`^ TY NZX[L]T^ZY bT_S _SP XLTYWLYO -`_ bSPY _SP ʭ]^_ X`W_T [L]_d PWPN_TZY^ _ZZV [WLNP TY
1995, there were sharp divisions between the island and the mainland; these divisions would
crop up periodically throughout the following decades.

A key example of this divide occurred shortly after the highly contested 2000 general elections,
which were won by a party with strong support on the mainland, the CCM. Not long after the
PWPN_TZY _SP ZʯNP^ ZQ _SP ELYeTML] ML^PO Z[[Z^T_TZY [L]_dɨ_SP .@1ɨbP]P ]LTOPO Md _SP
police and the CUF chairman was charged with unlawful assembly. Supporters took to the
streets in protest, which sadly disintegrated into a violent clash with the police. Ultimately
the heads of both parties joined together to restore calm, but the incident prompted many in
Tanzania to call for a greater level of freedom for opposition parties.

In addition to political struggles, the residents of Zanzibar have also struggled with their
dependence on the mainland for electricity, which is supplied by an underwater cable. In 2008
the cable’s connection failed, leaving the island without electricity for roughly one month.
(Many in Zanzibar have backup generators for this very reason.) But these internal squabbles
are relatively mild, especially compared to other African nations. In recent years the relative
stability has helped Tanzania emerge as one of the anchors for the East African region,
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an East African trade alliance with neighboring states like Kenya.

Kenya

Facts & Figures
• Area: 224,080 square miles

• Capital: Nairobi

• Languages: 0YRWT^S LYO 6T^bLSTWT L]P _SP ZʯNTLW WLYR`LRP^& Y`XP]Z`^ TYOTRPYZ`^
languages are also spoken.

• Ethnic groups: Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%,
Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1%

• Location: Kenya straddles the equator on the eastern coast of Africa. It is bordered by
Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda, and Tanzania.

• Geography: Kenya has an impressively varied landscape. Lake Victoria is on the
southwestern border of the country, with Tanzania to the south. The other features of
6PYdL ]LYRP Q]ZX L ʮL_ M`^S NZaP]PO [WLTY TY _SP YZ]_SPL^_ _Z MPL`_TQ`W 4YOTLY :NPLY
beaches, scenic highlands, lakes, the Great Rift Valley, and the towering Mount Kenya.

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